Filter



Patented July 25, 1944 OFFICE,

FILTER Walter Kasten. Franklin, ,Mich assignor to Ralph L. Skinner,Birmingham, Mich.

Application July 22, 1942, Serial No. 451,938

1 Claim.

The current invention pertains to filters orseparators and concerns moreparticularly new and improved means for opening or controlling a, by-

pass around the filtering-medium, if the latter becomes unduly cloggedor obstructed with the filtered-out material, so that the device orapparatus to which the filtered fluid is delivered may continue tofunction adequately and not be interrupted because of the temporarychoking or coating-over of the filtering agent.

One of the main objects of this invention is to provide a filter of thischaracter which is simple in structure, which is effective and reliablein operation, which is relatively inexpensive to make, and which doesnot become damaged or injured in ordinary service.

To enable those skilled in this art to understand the invention fullyfrom structural and functional standpoints, a present preferredembodiment thereof has been illustrated in the accompanying drawingforming a part of this specification, and, for simplicity, likereference numerals have been employed to designate the same partsthroughout the several views.

In this drawing- Figure 1 is a vertical central section through thefilter in its normal operative condition;

Figure 2 is a similar section showing the bypass or supplemental-pathopen;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the several parts of the filter indismantled or separated relation;

Figure 4 is a horizontal section on line 4-4 of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a I5ofFigure 1; q

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a metal locking-disc forming part ofthe filter-pack; and

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a fragment of the locking-bar employedinside of the filter-pack. Referring to thedrawing, it will be notedthat the novel filter construction includes a main-body l0 having acylindrical upright chamber l I, a screw-threaded inlet l2 adapted toaccommodate horizontal cross-section on line the threaded end of asuitable admission pipe or metal rod II, of the shape in cross-sectionpresented in Figures 5 and 7, having three, longitudinal,radially-disposed arms or ribs one of which it is of double-metalthickness, whereas the remaining two designated l1, l1 each is of singlemetal thickness with a terminal extension Ill.

The lower end of such supportin rod has fixed thereto, in any approvedmanner, a terminal or end metal disc l9 and mounted on the rod andbearing on the upper face of such disc is a washer-shaped, resilient orelastic disc 2|, made for example of neoprene, the rod snugly fitting inthe aperture of such disc.

On top of the disc 2| is a series of registered, washer-shapedpaper-discs 22 in face-to-face contact with one another and with the rodfitting in the passage formed by the mating holes of such discs, thesepaper, or other comparable, discs being charged or impregnated with amedium, such as polymerized phenolic resin, as for instance that knownin the trade as Beckophen, which is unaffected and maintains the discsfrom being acted upon by the materials undergoin filtration and by theircontaminants and diluents, the filtering action occurring by reason ofthe shallow spaces between the contacting surfaces of the discs of thestack rather than through the material of the discs, this type offiltration being known as edge-filtration.

Another neoprene, or other suitable resilient,

washer 23 is employed between the uppermost paper disc of the pile and afinal apertured metal disc 24 having inwardly directed ears 25, 25, 25occupying marginal slots 26, 26, 26 in the three arms of the'rod, theneoprene and paper discs being held forced against one another betweenthe two parts is and 24, so as to provide a suitable pressure on theelements involved to assure the desired depth of spaces between thepaperdiscs to provide the required fineness of filtration.

Bearing on the upper face of the apertured disc 24 is a final topneoprene disc 21, 'and, to prevent leakage, the lower neoprene disc 2|is cemented to the end metal disc I! and to the lowermost paper-disc 22by a polymerized phenolic resin or comparable agent, and, in similarmanner, the neoprene disc 23 is adhered to the topmost paper disc 22just below it andto the metal-disc 24.

Also, the neoprene disc 21 is in like. manner cemented to the metal disc24 and to theunder face of acylindrical, cup-shaped valve 28 the bottomwall of which has a central aperture 29 fitted over the upper terminalpart of the filterpack rod II, the round side-wall of the valve having aplurality of ports 3i therethrough some of which normally communicatewith the outlet ll.

As is clearly illustrated, this round valve fits snugly and slidably inthe upper portion of 'the cylindrical chamber II.

A coiled, expansion spring 32 is seated in the valve 2! bearing on thetop face oi its bottom wall and pressin at its top end against the undersurface of a screw-threaded closure or plug 33 demountably occupylns thetop screw-threaded mouth of chamber II.

Normally such spring holds the valve and filterpack pressed down againsta small, upward projection 34 constituting part of a screw-threaded plug35 occupying a screw-threaded opening I in the bottom wall of thechamber, unintentional loosening of said plug being prevented by a lockor retaining wire 31.

From what precedes, it will be clear that the bottom-wall of the valve28, which slidingly but snugly fits the cylindrical side-wall of thechamber H, divides the latter into lower and upper compartments with theinlet I 2 communicating with the lower compartment through passage l3and with the outlet ll connecting with the upper compartment throughsome of the valve-ports 3|, the only connection between suchcompartments being through the filter-pack whose passage is in registerwith, and in communication with, the central aperture through the valvebottom-wall, whereby all fluid traversing the filter is subjected tfiltration.

Under ordinary conditions (see Figure 1), the fluid under pressure,either gas or liquid, to be filtered and purified, enters the inlet l2,flows through passage l3 and is admitted into the lower compartment ofchamber I l below the valve, whereupon it flows through the filter-packinto its internal passage leaving its contaminants on the surface of thefilter-pack, from which some of such eliminated material naturally fallsdown to the bottom of the chamber, the filtered liquid passing from theinterior of the pack upwardly into the valve and then outwardly throughthose of its ports in register with the outlet it into the latter.

The pressure of the unfiltered fluid in the lower compartment of thechamber acts upwardly on the bottom of the pack tending to raise it, butnormally such pressure is insufficient to move the pack and itsassociated valve against the downward pressing action of the spring.

However (see Figure 2), as the foreign-material segregated from thefluid undergoing puriflcation gradually accumulates on the outer surfaceof the filter-pack, it more or less obstructs the flow of fluid throughit, with the result that the pressure in the lower compartment of the2,854,880 chamber rises, and, when this pressure increase is suiiicient,it overcomes the downward. pressing action of the spring and slides thewhole pack and valve upwardly carrying the ports of the latter out ofregister with and out of communication with, the outlet, and, at thesame time it forces the valve upwardly sumciently to cause the lowerpart of the valveto partially open the outlet, "so that, under suchcircumstances, the fluid entering the lower compartment oi! the chamberflows around the iilter, not through it, and directly leaves the chamberthrough the now open outlet.

In other words, such upward travel of the filter-pack and valve, byreason of the augmentation in pressure in the cylinder, opens a directby-pass around the filter-pack from the inlet to the outlet, wherebythere is no lack of supply of the fluid fed from the filter to thedevice which is designed and arranged to receive it, but such deliveredfluid under these circumstances is, of course, not flltered.

It is to be understood that the filter-pack and associated valve can bereadily demounted from the filter and cleaned as occasion requires andthen replaced, whereupon the filtering function 01' the device isresumed with customary efiiciency.

Those acquainted with this art will readily understand that thisinvention as defined by the appended claims is not necessarily limitedand restricted to the exact details of structure illustrated anddescribed and that various modifications and changes may be resorted towithout departure from the heart and essence of the invention andwithout the loss or sacrifice of any of its substantial benefits andadvantages.

I claim:

In an edge-filtration filter-pack having a series of registered layersof filter-material surrounding a central longitudinal passage throughthe series, a rod in said passage, a pair of terminalmembers mounted onsaid rod in spaced apart relation lengthwise the rod and fixed againstmovement on the rod longitudinally of the latter, said series of layersof filter-material being maintained pressed together in face-to-facecontact with one another by and between said terminal-members, the novelimprovement of said rod having a plurality of longitudinaltransversely-radiating arms peripherally-recessed in register and of atleast one of said terminalmembers having an aperture accommodating saidrod and with lugs extending inwardly of said aperture and occupying saidrecesses of said arms.

WALTER KAS'I'EN.

